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Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1334-x

摘要：

• Light haze had little effect on bacterial communities.

关键词： Bacterial community     Persistent fog and haze     Particle size    

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华北地区持续性强霾事件发生的环境与动力条件

丁一汇, 吴萍, 柳艳菊, 宋亚芳

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第2期   页码 266-271 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.009

摘要：

本文是近期针对华北地区霾的长期变化特征持续强霾事件发生的环境和动力条件方面研究的个结。华北地区近50 年来霾日呈现明显的上升趋势，尤其是进入21 世纪以来，霾日增加明显同时，持续性霾事件的发生频次也呈现类似的上升趋势华北地区霾污染事件频发可以归因于不利的气象环境条件和人为排放的大量污染物的共同作用。气象环境条件方面主要表现为：在气变暖的大背景下，华北地区冬季气温的持续上升、地面风速的减小以及大气稳定度的加强均对霾日的增加有显著影响。厄尔尼诺(El Nino) 年冬季，东亚大槽偏弱，冷空气活动弱，华北地区盛行异常偏南风，有利于霾天气的形成；而拉尼娜(La Nina) 年冬季，东亚大槽偏强，冷空气活动强，华北地区盛行异常偏北风，不利于霾天气的形成华北地区持续强霾事件主要发生在平直西风型和高压脊型两类环流形势下，对流层中低层为持续深厚的下沉气流，使大气边界层厚度减少污染物扩散能力减弱，有利于霾天气的维持和加剧。

关键词： 华北地区     持续性强霾事件     环境条件     动力条件    

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Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0840-3

摘要： We modeled the impact of haze radiative effects on precipitation in North China. Shortwave heating induced by haze radiative effects would reduce heavy rainfalls. Convection was the key factor that whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed. Precipitation was often suppressed where CAPE, RH and updraft velocities were high. The impact of haze radiative effect on summertime 24-h convective precipitation over North China was investigated using WRF model (version 3.3) through model sensitivity studies between scenarios with and without aerosol radiative effects. The haze radiative effect was represented by incorporating an idealized aerosol optical profile, with AOD values around 1, derived from the aircraft measurement into the WRF shortwave scheme. We found that the shortwave heating induced by aerosol radiative effects would significantly reduce heavy rainfalls, although its effect on the post-frontal localized thunderstorm precipitation was more diverse. To capture the key factors that determine whether precipitation is enhanced or suppressed, model grids with 24-h precipitation difference between the two scenarios exceeding certain threshold (>30 mm or<-30 mm) were separated into two sets. Analyses of key meteorological variables between the enhanced and suppressed regimes suggested that atmospheric convection was the most important factor that determined whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed during summertime over North China. The convection was stronger over places with precipitation enhancement over 30 mm. Haze weakened the convection over places with precipitation suppression exceeding 30 mm and caused less water vapor to rise to a higher level and thus further suppressed precipitation. The suppression of precipitation was often accompanied with relatively high convective available potential energy (CAPE), relative humidity (RH) and updraft velocities.

关键词： Haze     Aerosol radiative effects     Convective precipitation    

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Predictive models on photolysis and photoinduced toxicity of persistent organic chemicals

Qing ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 803-814 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0547-7

摘要： Photodegradation is a major abiotic transformation pathway of toxic chemicals in the environment, which in some cases might lead to photoinduced toxicities. The data on photodegradation kinetics and photoinduced toxicities of organic chemicals are essential for their risk assessment. However, the relevant data are only available for a limited number of chemicals, due to the difficulty and high cost of experimental determination. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models that relate photodegradation kinetics or photoinduced toxicity of organic chemicals with their physicochemical properties or molecular structural descriptors may enable simple and fast estimation of their photochemical behaviors. This paper reviews the QSAR models on photodegradation quantum yields and rate constants for toxic organic chemicals in different media including liquid phase, gaseous phase, surfaces of plant leaves, and QSAR models on photoinduced toxicity of organic chemicals to plants, bacteria, and aquatic invertebrates. Further prospects for QSAR model development on photodegradation kinetics and photoinduced toxicity of refractory organic chemicals are proposed.

关键词： quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models     photodegradation     persistent organic pollutants     environmental media     mechanisms    

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Fog-IBDIS——基于雾计算的制造系统大数据集成方法 Article

汪俊亮, 郑鹏, 吕佑龙, 鲍劲松, 张洁

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第4期   页码 662-670 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.013

摘要： 本文提出了一种基于雾计算的工业大数据集成与共享方法（Fog-IBDIS），采用云端与边缘端协作的方式，实现工业数据的分布式本地处理，在多源数据的分析中保障源数据的私密性与安全性。在云端设计了任务流图，将多源数据分析过程分解成多个子任务；其次，设计了子任务管理、编译和运行控制、数据集成传输、基本算法库和管理组件五个模块，实现子任务的本地边缘端处理；最后，本文以大型客机制造过程为例，对Fog-IBDIS

关键词： 雾计算     工业大数据     多源数据     数据集成    

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Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1326-x

摘要： Abstract • Characteristics and interannual variation of aerosol pollution are illustrated. • Mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation in winter haze of North China are reviewed. • Directions in future studies of secondary aerosol formation are provided. Severe haze pollution occurs frequently in the winter over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China), exerting profound impacts on air quality, visibility, and human health. The Chinese Government has taken strict mitigation actions since 2013 and has achieved a significant reduction in the annual mean PM2.5 concentration over this region. However, the level of secondary aerosols during heavy haze episodes showed little decrease during this period. During heavy haze episodes, the concentrations of secondary aerosol components, including sulfate, nitrate and secondary organics, in aerosol particles increase sharply, acting as the main contributors to aerosol pollution. To achieve effective control of particle pollution in the BTH region, the precise and complete secondary aerosol formation mechanisms have been investigated, and advances have been made about the mechanisms of gas phase reaction, nucleation and heterogeneous reactions in forming secondary aerosols. This paper reviews the research progress in aerosol chemistry during haze pollution episodes in the BTH region, lays out the challenges in haze formation studies, and provides implications and directions for future research.

关键词： Secondary aerosol formation     Regional haze     Photochemical reaction     Aqueous reaction     Chemical mechanism    

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霾的预测与预防问题

张 葵

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第1期   页码 103-113

摘要：

针对低能见度天气的危害性，运用信息数字方法发现了霾的发生、发展与地热的联系和大气结构特征的改变。霾的预测、预防，需要正确把握近地低空大气的滚流状态和热结构特征。霾的形成既有人为排放也有自然界地热引发地下污染物和污浊气体的释放问题，地热可作为霾天气预报的先兆信息。大气环境的改善，需要人们改进排放技术，也需要研究自然污染源问题。

关键词： 能见度；霾；数字化预测；预防策略    

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Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

摘要：

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

关键词： 2022 Winter Olympics     PM2.5     Source apportionment    

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Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 2-16 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0370-y

摘要： The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention. The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers’ studies in addressing the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, risk-based information can support decision-making aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs.

关键词： persistent organic pollutant (POPs)     environmental risk assessment     inventory     environmental monitoring     fugacity model     emerging POPs    

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Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0878-2

摘要： Incorporating the missing heterogeneous oxidation of S(IV) by NO into the WRF-Chem model. Sulfate production is not sensitive to increase in SO emission. The newly added reaction reproduces sulfate concentrations well during winter haze. We implemented the online coupled WRF-Chem model to reproduce the 2013 January haze event in North China, and evaluated simulated meteorological and chemical fields using multiple observations. The comparisons suggest that temperature and relative humidity (RH) were simulated well (mean biases are -0.2K and 2.7%, respectively), but wind speeds were overestimated (mean bias is 0.5 m?s ). At the Beijing station, sulfur dioxide (SO ) concentrations were overpredicted and sulfate concentrations were largely underpredicted, which may result from uncertainties in SO emissions and missing heterogeneous oxidation in current model. We conducted three parallel experiments to examine the impacts of doubling SO emissions and incorporating heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by nitrogen dioxide (NO ) on sulfate formation during winter haze. The results suggest that doubling SO emissions do not significantly affect sulfate concentrations, but adding heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by NO substantially improve simulations of sulfate and other inorganic aerosols. Although the enhanced SO to sulfate conversion in the HetS (heterogeneous oxidation by NO ) case reduces SO concentrations, it is still largely overestimated by the model, indicating the overestimations of SO concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) are mostly due to errors in SO emission inventory.

关键词： Sulfate aerosols     Winter haze     WRF-Chem     Northern China    

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Decontamination of Cr(VI) facilitated formation of persistent free radicals on rice husk derived biochar

Kaikai Zhang, Peng Sun, Yanrong Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1106-7

摘要：

PFRs were produced on biochar during Cr(VI) decontamination.

PFRs formation on biochar was owing to the oxidization of phenolic-OH by Cr(VI).

Appearance of excessive oxidant led to the consumption of PFRs on biochar.

Biochar charred at high temperature possessed great performance to Cr(VI) removal.

关键词： Biochar     Persistent free radicals     Phenolic hydroxyl groups     Cr(VI) reduction    

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Persistent free radicals in humin under redox conditions and their impact in transforming polycyclic

Hanzhong Jia, Yafang Shi, Xiaofeng Nie, Song Zhao, Tiecheng Wang, Virender K. Sharma

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1252-y

摘要： Abstract • Regulation of redox conditions promotes the generation of free radicals on HM. • HM-PFRs can be fractionated into active and inactive types depending on stability. • The newly produced PFRs readily release electrons to oxygen and generate ROS. • PFR-induced ROS mediate the transformation of organic contaminants adsorbed on HM. The role of humic substance-associated persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the fate of organic contaminants under various redox conditions remains unknown. This study examined the characterization of original metal-free peat humin (HM), and HM treated with varying concentrations of H2O2 and L-ascorbic acid (VC) (assigned as H2O2-HM and VC-HM). The concentration of PFRs in HM increased with the addition of VC/H2O2 at concentrations less than 0.08 M. The evolution of PFRs in HM under different environmental conditions (e.g., oxic/anoxic and humidity) was investigated. Two types of PFRs were detected in HM: a relatively stable radical existed in the original sample, and the other type, which was generated by redox treatments, was relatively unstable. The spin densities of VC/H2O2-HM readily returned to the original value under relatively high humidity and oxic conditions. During this process, the HM-associated “unstable” free radicals released an electron to O2, inducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., •OH and •O2−). The generated ROS promoted the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the radical quenching measurements. The transformation rates followed the order naphthalene>phenanthrene>anthracene>benzo[a]pyrene. Our results provide valuable insight into the HM-induced transformation of organic contaminants under natural conditions.

关键词： Humic substance     Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)     Persistent free radicals (PFRs)     Redox     Reactive oxygen species (ROS)    

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Light-induced variation in environmentally persistent free radicals and the generation of reactive radical

Yafang Shi, Yunchao Dai, Ziwen Liu, Xiaofeng Nie, Song Zhao, Chi Zhang, Hanzhong Jia

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1285-2

摘要： Abstract • Light irradiation increased the concentration of free radicals on HS. • The increased spin densities on HS readily returned back to the original value. • The “unstable” free radicals induced the formation of reactive radical species. • Reactive radicals’ concentration correlated strongly with EPFRs’ concentration. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in humic substances play an essential role in soil geochemical processes. Light is known to induce EPFRs formation for dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments; however, the impacts of light irradiation on the variation of EPFRs in soil humic substances remain unclear. In this study, humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin were extracted from peat soil and then in situ irradiated using simulated sunlight. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that with the increasing irradiation time, the spin densities and g-factors of humic substances rapidly increased during the initial 20 min and then gradually reached a plateau. After irradiation for 2h, the maximum spin density levels were up to 1.63 × 1017, 2.06 × 1017, and 1.77 × 1017 spins/g for the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, respectively. And the superoxide radicals increased to 1.05 × 1014–1.46 × 1014 spins/g while the alkyl radicals increased to 0.47 × 1014–1.76 × 1014 spins/g. The light-induced EPFRs were relatively unstable and readily returned back to their original state under dark and oxic conditions. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of EPFRs and reactive radical species (R2 = 0.65–0.98, p<0.05), which suggested that the newly produced EPFRs contributed to the formation of reactive radical species. Our findings indicate that under the irradiation humic substances are likely to be more toxic and reactive in soil due to the formation of EPFRs.

关键词： Peat     Humic substances     Environmentally persistent free radicals     Light irradiation     Reactive radical species    

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美国NRC颠覆性技术持续预测系统浅析

张晓林

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第6期   页码 117-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.019

摘要：

美国国家研究委员会（NRC）发布的《颠覆性技术持续性预测》（Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies

关键词： 颠覆性技术     持续预测     理想系统    

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Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0861-y

摘要： Four types of S-rich particles are identified by SEM/FESEM-EDX With on-line observation, characteristics of S-rich particles are discovered Intensities of formation of S-rich particles are seasonally different Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

关键词： S-rich particles     Morphology     Element distribution     Mixing state    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal

期刊论文

华北地区持续性强霾事件发生的环境与动力条件

丁一汇, 吴萍, 柳艳菊, 宋亚芳

期刊论文

Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

期刊论文

Predictive models on photolysis and photoinduced toxicity of persistent organic chemicals

Qing ZHANG

期刊论文

Fog-IBDIS——基于雾计算的制造系统大数据集成方法

汪俊亮, 郑鹏, 吕佑龙, 鲍劲松, 张洁

期刊论文

Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

期刊论文

霾的预测与预防问题

张 葵

期刊论文

Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze

期刊论文

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

期刊论文

Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

期刊论文

Decontamination of Cr(VI) facilitated formation of persistent free radicals on rice husk derived biochar

Kaikai Zhang, Peng Sun, Yanrong Zhang

期刊论文

Persistent free radicals in humin under redox conditions and their impact in transforming polycyclic

Hanzhong Jia, Yafang Shi, Xiaofeng Nie, Song Zhao, Tiecheng Wang, Virender K. Sharma

期刊论文

Light-induced variation in environmentally persistent free radicals and the generation of reactive radical

Yafang Shi, Yunchao Dai, Ziwen Liu, Xiaofeng Nie, Song Zhao, Chi Zhang, Hanzhong Jia

期刊论文

美国NRC颠覆性技术持续预测系统浅析

张晓林

期刊论文

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

期刊论文